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His wife was cut down, along with their infant daughter. “They shot at us as we ran away,” Karapiru said in 2017, recalling the ambush. The Indigenous rights group Survival International has called the Awá the “world’s most threatened tribe.” Today, up to a hundred Awá, out of the total population of roughly 600, still roam shrinking pockets of woodlands in Maranhão as isolated nomads. President Jair Bolsonaro and his allies in the legislature have ramped up efforts to roll back protections of Indigenous territories and eliminate some reserves altogether. Indigenous leaders fear that isolated tribes such as the Awá-as many as 70 separate groups scattered throughout the Brazilian Amazon-are once again facing heightened risk of violent dispossession. A consummate field agent and Amazonian explorer, he is considered one of the foremost experts on Brazil’s Indigenous people and a leading advocate for the protection of isolated tribes. This kind of practice continues to this day.” Possuelo served as the director of the Department of Isolated Indians within Brazil’s Indigenous affairs agency, FUNAI, for nearly two decades, interrupted by a two-year stint as president of the agency. “So they went out to attack Karapiru’s group. “Ranchers need to get rid of the presence of Indians to gain title to the land they are trying to take,” said Sydney Possuelo in an interview in Brasilia in 2017. The attack launched him on a decade-long odyssey that rights advocates call a testament to the resilience of Brazil’s Indigenous peoples in the face of suffering and cruelty inflicted by colonizers. Karapiru was the father of an infant daughter and a young boy when ranchers ambushed him and his family one day in the late 1970s. They were mad because we were passing through their fences. He spoke in Awá as a fellow tribesman translated to Portuguese. “The white men wanted to kill Indians,” Karapiru told me when I visited Tiracambu on assignment for National Geographic in 2017. Almost overnight, it was as if the Awá had become trespassers in their own land. By the early 1970s, they were fanning out into the forests, snatching up land, fencing it off with barbed wire. It didn’t take long for waves of settlers and ranchers to follow. To haul the ore east to the Atlantic coast for export, a 550-mile-long railroad was built across Maranhão, splitting the Awá’s territory in two. But in the 1960s, the world’s largest deposits of iron ore were discovered in the neighboring state of Pará. In those days, the outside world had barely touched the ancestral homelands of the Awá, which sprawled across much of Maranhão. Karapiru was born into a nomadic community of hunter-gatherers sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s, when the Awá were still uncontacted by outsiders. “He is emblematic of their whole struggle and saga and everything they went through.” “His story epitomizes what the Awá and other isolated groups went through, especially in the face of a moving frontier,” says Louis Forline, an anthropologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, who has dedicated his career to studying the tribe and advocating for them. Karapiru’s death in an isolation ward, far from his loved ones and his people, carried echoes of the suffering and loneliness that marked his life and his extraordinary tale of survival. He was evacuated to the city of Santa Inés where took his last breaths. Although fully vaccinated, he developed severe symptoms of the disease while in his adoptive village of Tiracambu, where he had lived for the past several years. Karapiru, whose name means Hawk in his native Awá, died in a hospital in the Amazonian state of Maranhão on July 16. The Indigenous survivor of a deadly ambush that sent him wandering alone for 10 years across 900 miles of rugged highlands in eastern Brazil has died of COVID-19 symptoms, according to fellow tribespeople and rights activists. Often this number will be approximated because of a lack of approachability to many waterfalls. The Average Width of the waterfall represents the breadth of the waterfall from bank to bank under typical flow conditions, or if the waterfall has been Cataloged, under the conditions which it was most thoroughly surveyed. Stretches of interstitial stream in between two or more distinct drops of a single waterfall are NOT considered to be distinct drops of the waterfall unless the section of stream in question would otherwise qualify as a waterfall were it to be isolated. The Number of Drops in a waterfall is a tally of the total number of distinct drops which make up the waterfall. Waterfalls with only one drop will have the total height of the waterfall repeated here. The Tallest Drop figure represents the height of the largest single drop within a multi-stepped waterfall. Waterfalls with only one drop will of have the height of only the single drop listed here. Stream between two tiers of a waterfall is counted in its overall height regardless of whether or not that section of the stream would be legitimately considered a waterfall on its own right, were it to be isolated. The Total Height listed for the waterfall represents the difference in elevation from the top of the uppermost drop, to the bottom of the lowermost drop of the waterfall, including all stretches of interstitial stream in between. This information may be changed at any given time to ensure accuracy. While we try to ensure this information is as accurate as possible, sometimes it will prove necessary to either estimate or flat out guess at certain characteristics where either enough information isn't readily available, is not known, or we were not able to confirm a given trait upon surveying. The information presented in this table is meant to help identify and clarify the physical aspects of the waterfall for comparative purposes. The best viewpoints are found to the left, immediately after crossing Spring Creek (after the falls initially come into view). Continue for just under a mile up the trail to the falls. Because you will be traveling in a municipal watershed, you are asked to fill out a free permit. Start up the trail to the top of Tumalo Falls, then after the first switchback, turn left at the Bridge Creek trail. This gravel route ends in another 2 ½ miles at the Tumalo Falls Trailhead. Follow Skyliners Road for 10 ½ miles, and turn left on FR 4601, signed for Tumalo Falls, just after crossing Tumalo Creek. After passing Century Drive, Galveston turns into Skyliners Road. Just after this park - about a mile from 97 - turn right and cross the River on Galveston Street. As Franklin runs through town, it parallels a nice park along the Deschutes River. From Highway 97 in Bend, turn west on Franklin Street. The Tumalo Falls area is located about 10 miles west of Bend beneath Broken Top. Please be courteous and follow the posted rules (no swimming, no camping) when in the watershed.īridge Creek Falls is the name of this waterfall.Įlevation: 5285 feet USGS Map: Tumalo Falls 7 1/2" The falls occur within the municipal watershed for the city of Bend, but they have the foresight to recognize the recreational opportunities in the area, and I would like to extend heartfelt thanks for not restricting travel in the area. Neither waterfall is really worth going out of the way to see, but since there are much more significant waterfalls nearby, these make a loop hike up Tumalo Creek and down Bridge Creek easily justified. There is another waterfall about halfway between this and the trailhead - a cascade of about 30 feet, which although easy to see, isn't terribly easy to photograph, so I didn't even bother. I was under the impression that the falls were a little larger, and I was rather disappointed upon my visit. The main falls, shown here, is a pretty straightforward plunge of about 25 feet in a shallow canyon. That there are several waterfalls along Tumalo Creek it makes sense there is a waterfall along neighboring Bridge Creek as well. Bridge Creek is a moderate volume tributary of Tumalo Creek near well-known Tumalo Falls. Platform: Vysor is compatible with Mac, Android, Chromebook, Windows, Linux, and Browser. Price: $2.50 for a month, $10 for a year, $40 for a lifetime, and $2.00 for Vysor Enterprise. It can control your iOS and Android using your desktop.
If your MINI does not have an IBS module, lucky you, just replace the battery, and get back to motoring…no registration of the battery is necessary. This is especially important for AGM batteries, as they are more susceptible to damage from over-charging…which could happen if the car does not know about a new battery, and continues to charge thinking it’s an older battery. Registering a new battery tells your MINI it has a new battery, erases the old charging memory, and recalibrates electrical components and sensors for use with the new battery. I’ve also read that non-essential systems can be shutdown or de-prioritized for power usage as a battery ages (I’m not sure on the validity of that one, but I’ve read it in multiple places). For example, as a battery ages, and requires more power to recharge, your MINI will provide more electrical power to recharge the battery. The IBS will tailor charging to the age, output, etc. If you’ve never heard of this, you’re probably having the same reaction I didn’t initially…WTF?!? But as I read more about it, I started to understand… If your MINI has an IBS module, the new battery will need to be registered to the car once installed. Intelligent Battery Sensor (IBS) on Negative Terminal The IBS module is located on the terminal end of the negative battery cable. Once you sort out the battery, you need to determine if your MINI is equipped with an Intelligent Battery Sensor (IBS). Intelligent Battery Sensor & Battery Registration There are plenty of AGM battery options out there which fit the Gen2 MINI, and most can be had in the $160-$200 range. For example, if you live in the upper Midwest, and get harsh winters, you won’t be disappointed getting a battery that provides more cold cranking amps (CCA). The specs of the new battery should meet or exceed the values you noted above of the OEM battery. Once you have the type and specs your MINI battery, you can find a replacement battery. RC (reserve capacity): The length of time a battery can deliver 25 amps, before it’s voltage drops below 10.5 V.CCA (cold cranking amperes): The amount of current a battery can provide at -18º C.CA (cranking amperes): The amount of current a battery can provide at 0º C.Ah (ampere-hours): The energy storage capacity of the battery. Group Size: H6/Group 48 is OEM size (at least on my 2013 Clubman).But before buying a replacement battery, you want to verify the type and the specs of the OEM battery in your MINI. Most Gen2 MINIs seem to have come from the factory with absorbed glass mat (AGM) type batteries, instead of the traditional lead-acid type batteries. So here is a write-up of what I learned while replacing the battery in my MINI, so hopefully it helps some of you down the road. Depending on the options a Gen2 MINI is equipped with, replacing the battery can be a bit more involved. What I initially thought would be a straight forward battery replacement, quickly became a bit muddled. After 6 1/2 years and just over 87,000 miles, the original battery in my 2013 MINI Cooper S Clubman finally bit the dust. In the bio section of her Twitter page, she wrote, “Freedom of Speech as long as you have nothing to say.” “I’m going to be an amazing woman who will NOT shut my mouth when I find out my rapist raped countless other women,” she said, according to Newsweek. Her refusal to be silent spurred three other women to come forward, who also say Masterson raped them. The women claim the Church of Scientology pressured them to keep quiet, telling them not to file reports with police.īixler did not keep quiet. I hope somehow I’ve helped you because you have definitely helped me! Thank you for allowing me to be a safe person for you. You’ve touched my heart & broken my heart w/your stories. I wanted to say thank you to all who’s written me. Signing off for a while as I just need family. Bixler is The Only Person Whose Rape Accusation Went Public And once her lawsuit is thrown out, I intend to sue her and the others who jumped on the bandwagon for the damage they caused me and my family,” the statement said.Ģ. I will beat her in court-and look forward to it because the public will finally be able learn the truth and see how I’ve been railroaded by this woman. “I’m not going to fight my ex-girlfriend in the media like she’s been baiting me to do for more than two years. Masterson called the lawsuit “beyond ridiculous,” through his lawyer, according to USA Today. Four women subsequently filed a lawsuit against Masterson and the Church of Scientology, saying the church intervened in the case by submitting 50 affidavits from Scientologists who denied the claims. Three women, including Bixler, told the Los Angeles Police Department Danny Masterson sexually assaulted, according to an article by Tony Ortega. One woman’s dog mysteriously died and the autopsy showed trauma to its trachea. Their email accounts were hacked and credit cards stolen. The women repeatedly found strangers around their homes, sometimes peering inside with flashlights at night. Bixler is One of 4 Women Who Say Masterson Raped Them Bixler was a member of the Church of Scientology, as were the other women who say Masterson raped them.ġ. They said Masterson assaulted them when they were unconscious. Bixler, like another one of the accusers, was in a relationship with Masterson. When Bixler went public with her story, other women came forward and also said Masterson raped them. Bixler is married to Cedric Bixler-Zavala, former frontman of The Mars Volta. She has twin boys, Ulysses and Xanthus, who were born in 2013. The Los Angeles District Attorney determined there was not enough evidence to pursue a case, but a lawsuit filed against Masterson and The Church of Scientology calls the stalled case the perpetuation of a church cover-up.Ĭhrissie Bixler, formerly Chrissie Carnell, was an actress and model. Masterson, a star of That ’70s Show and Netflix series The Ranch, was ousted from his Netflix acting job after the rape allegations came to light. Her story is being broadcast as part of the docuseries, Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath. Chrissie Bixler is one of four women who say actor Danny Masterson raped them. Canvas was attached to the wood slats by copper rivets. The thin hardware laths would wear and break. Canvas was expensive to buy and time consuming to repair. Dad was not a happy farmer for a few hours. Dad would swear, but his boys were not allowed to. We boys heard every ‘Gol’ Darn”, and “Son-Of- A-#*X^#!”. The mice had a very good winter, gnawing away at the canvas and straps. Grain cutting time came around and down came the canvas bundles. One year my Dad did not get that done or done very well. The gunny sacks were suspended from the rafters in mid air with baling wire or binder twine. Most farmers would roll up the canvas, bundle the canvas up with binder twine, and store them in gunny sacks. Mice and rats liked to chew on that canvas. Which meant, of course, that the canvas had to be restrung and tightened the next morning before cutting grain. At the end of the day, the canvas was taken off, especially if there was a threat of rain. Farmers took good care of their grain binder canvas. That canvas was heavy material and expensive. It the gap was the same along all three feet of width, then I suspected the tightness of each buckle was about right. I learned to look at the gap between the two ends of the canvas. It was another way of saying that his three sons were too slow. Sometimes he was impatient and simply said “I’ll do that”. It was important that the buckles have the same tightness, so that the canvas would run straight. Then the thick straps were threaded through the metal buckles and pulled tight. The metal strap buckles must lead in the direction the canvas turned. Those canvases were a pain to install and they had to be put on correctly. The grain sheaves dropped off the canvas and were collected into a bundle for tying. The grain stalks from the horizontal reel platform were grappled by the two slanted elevator canvases and carried up to the tying deck. They were at a slant and raised above the big bull wheel. The two elevated canvases moved in opposite directions. The reel canvas was the long one and conveyed the cut grain stalks sideways to the end of the platform. Each canvas had three or four canvas straps on one end and metal buckles on the other end. The strong canvas was three feet wide, but varied from 10 feet to 20 feet in length. The canvas was hemmed on all four sides to keep it from tearing or ripping. Narrow hardwood strips were riveted about every ten inches on one side of the canvas. Each canvas was stretched over two wooden rollers. The next step needed to get the binder field-ready was to install the three canvases. This might go around a second time, before Dad in a much louder and sterner voice sent us off to do the task. Lawrence: “Bob, you heard Dad, go get the sledge hammer and wrench set”. We would get things for Dad.ĭad: “Go to the garage, and get the sledge hammer and wrench set”. When we were little boys, Phillip, Bob, and I were “gophers”. Dad had a manual for the McC-D grain binder, but I suspect he did not pay much attention to it. There were zerts to be greased, oil cups filled, and oil squirted in holes made for that purpose. Loose blades were repaired by shearing off the two soft rivets holding it to the bar. The triangular knife sections were sharpened with a file. The 8 ft sickle bar was pulled out of the cutter bar and clamped in a vise. That meant “greasing her up”, unwrapping the canvas that moved the grain through the machine, and sharpening the sickle bar. We had a grain binder and threshing machine. Most of the neighbors were combining oats by the time I was about 10 years old. We could tell that Dad was excited about getting started. The next morning, Dad and his three sons, Phillip, Bob, and I would slowly pull the grain binder out of the shed and start getting it ready. The west wing stored the corn binder, drags, disk, and assorted junk. The east wing held the tractor, grain binder, oats fanning machine and assorted junk. The McCormick-Deering 8 ft grain binder was stored in the east wing of the granary. Dad would announce at the supper table, “Tomorrow, we get the grain binder out.” Then he would shuck the grains in his hand and open up the husks, inspect the fullness of the pods, and shake a handful of oats for heft. He would reach down and pull a few grains from the stalks. It was a beautiful sight to witness the undulating fields turning golden yellow.ĭad would walk out into the oat fields of the 238 acre farm out on Oak Grove Ridge in the heart of Crawford County, near Seneca in southwestern Wisconsin. We could see it coming, a sea of green oats slowly turning to a duller, lighter green, then toward a yellow hue. No sooner was first crop hay “put up” and it was time to “shock grain”. Chew toys, he’ll be busy and occupied exploring his toys instead of gnawing at inedible harmful objects.Dispose of garbage and toxic things properly.Spraying problem objects, bitter-tasting spray can be used on objects your dog is attracted to.Using a leash when taking your dog out for a walk, a leash will prevent him from consuming rocks and other non-food objects.For example, chamomile tea is an excellent remedy for dogs with anxiety and stress issues. Herbal remedies can have a calming effect.Some other recommendations that you may consider include the following: Practical things you can doīringing lifestyle changes to your dog’s routine can help eliminate the emotional causes of pica. You may be advised to increase your dog’s physical activity so that he isn’t driven towards unusual behavior patterns to seek your attention or fight boredom. In case the cause is a psychological/emotional one, you may consider taking your dog to a pet behaviorist. Pica in dogs treatment depends on whether a medical problem or a psychological problem has caused the condition. Eating grass, on the other hand, is considered normal in dogs, and your dog could be doing this for a number of different reasons, not just pica. For example, dogs that eat their own feces are more likely to be suffering from a condition called coprophagia than Pica. It’s important not to mistake your dog’s odd actions because the same behavior may be for a completely different condition. Dogs can do some pretty strange things, and while some of those things can be a sign of pica, it doesn’t always mean it is pica. In the case of a blockage, you must immediately take your dog to a vet who’ll likely investigate the issue through surgery or endoscopy.ĭogs with pica may show the following symptoms:Īlthough it’s important to be able to spot the signs of pica disease in dogs, it’s also essential not to misinterpret your dog’s odd actions. Your dog may be in a position where he’s unable to pass a stool and could be in a great deal of pain. Objects that your dog consumes can cause choking, a blockage in the digestive tract, or may even result in intestinal problems. Pica in dogs is usually diagnosed when you observe your dog ingesting inedible items. Fear of punishment (for destroying a house item).Lack of mental and physical stimulation.Other psychological reasons behind pica disorder in dogs include: If you believe the reason for your dog’s pica disorder is psychological, behavior modification through training or the use of boredom breakers could be a great option. A dog that is not given enough mental or physical stimulation may seek something unusual to do to relieve boredom or burn off extra energy. Some dogs can turn destructive due to anxiety and eat a part or all of what they destroy. Pica in dogs can also be a result of an emotional or psychological issue like separation anxiety or stress. Psychological or Emotional Issues Behind Pica Drugs/Steroids taken by the dog for some disease.Medical reasons behind pica disorder in dogs may include: Pica disorder can be a sign of other underlying conditions affecting your dog. Your friendly neighborhood vet may need to run blood, stool, and urine test to check if parasites are causing pica or if it’s some sort of a digestive disorder or malabsorption of nutrients. Since it is difficult for you to find out these reasons on your own, you’ll have to take your furry friend to visit the vet. There can be underlying medical conditions that cause dogs to eat non-food items. Underlying Medical Conditions Behind Pica There are two types of reasons for pica in dogs: You’ll have to examine your dog’s lifestyle and environment. Causes of Pica Disorder in Dogsįinding out what causes pica in dogs can be a bit difficult and tricky. If your dog has been gnawing at non-food items lately, it’s time you learned a bit about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of pica in dogs. Pica in dogs can either be a compulsive behavior or a result of an underlying medical condition. Dogs with pica can develop serious issues like a perforated digestive tract from swallowing sharp objects, and they may also suffer from poisoning and choking. Apparently, the 10 mile section between aid stations 3 and 4 had literally 100s of blowdowns, making this section extremely slow and cumbersome to cover. Speaking of blowdowns, the RD pretty much assured us before the race even started that the course record would not fall today. It's part of what makes trail running what it is, be it creeks, rivers, snow, hail, ice or a crap ton of blowdowns that nature throws at you. Apparently, some runners opted to take off their shoes, which may sound like a great idea.until you realize you have 20 more creeks to cross, so you should probably just accept that your feet will stay wet for the next 24-36 hours. We encountered the first of more than 20 creek and river crossings as we left this aid station. I grabbed my nutrition for the next section (3 Spring Energy gels) and continued on. I was clearly ahead of my race schedule as my wife struggled just slightly to get my bottles filled and exchanged. Once we finally left the railroad tracks, we started to climb continually until we reached the first of only 9 aid stations for the course at mile 8ish. Whether that actually works or not, it gave me the confidence and peace of mind not to worry about lack of sleep. That proved to be challenging, but having anticipated a restless night before the race, I had made sure I got plenty of sleep the week leading up to the race. By 8PM, I attempted to go to sleep to get as much rest as possible prior to the 7AM race start the next morning. I had extra clothes, shoes, bottles and nutrition zip-locked and labeled for easy crew access to minimize my time in the various checkpoints. I decided not to use drop bags and instead rely exclusively on my crew to meet me at the designated spots along the course. Aside from the mandatory emergency blanket I carried extra gloves, buff and my trusty Patagonia Houdini windbreaker. Temps in the low 30s for most of the day meant possibly carrying more layers for warmth. We both arrived at our campground around the same time and while she was kind enough to prep our obligatory pre race pasta dinner, I finalized prepping my gear for the next day. I had driven our camper van while my wife had to work late, so she took our 4Runner straight to the campground, which allowed her to use a more capable vehicle while chasing me through the mountains on (sometimes) sketchy, curvy and narrow dirt roads. I chatted briefly with a few fellow runners before making the 45 minute drive to my campground at Fort Mountain State Park. Its body is also fully weather-sealed, allowing you to shoot in all conditions. It introduced a then-new Quiet Release burst mode that allows wildlife photographers to shoot in near silence at up to 6fps. The D610 was the junior partner to the D750, but is still quite a capable camera. The D600 was Nikon’s original ‘affordable full-frame’ camera, and the Nikon D610 is the model that replaced it. Find the latest deals on the Nikon D750 at Amazon UK and Amazon US. At its current price tag, the Nikon D750 is easily better than many non-full-frame cameras being sold at comparable prices. Unlike other Nikon models, the D750 boasts a tilting touchscreen, and you’ll also find built-in WiFi. But the D750’s Full HD at 60fps footage is broadcast quality and nothing to dismiss. And while like most other models on this list of the cheapest full-frame cameras, again there’s no 4K video. The D750 is also a superb low-light shooter, producing images of low-contrast subjects with stunning detail and little noise. The D750’s 51-point AF system is fast and accurate, and its Advanced Scene Recognition technology helps further improve accuracy. Somewhat overshadowed in Nikon’s range by the D800, then D810 and now Nikon D850, it’s a testament to the D750’s regard that it has outlived all its senior siblings. Nikon D750Ī revered workhorse of a camera, the Nikon D750 is that rare jack of all trades that is a master of all of them. For a deeper dive into the many different camera types and features available, check out our range of camera buying guides. You might also find our guides to the best full-frame cameras and best beginner full-frame cameras useful. Expect this list to change over the next year, as renewed competition is constantly redefining what’s affordable. The bottom line is, we’ve tested and used all of these cameras and these are our own personal picks for the best value for money. What are the cheapest full-frame cameras to buy?īelow we’ve rounded up the best of the cheapest full-frame cameras on the market. But if you are comparing a full frame sensor and a crop sensor that both offer the same resolution, the full frame sensor will provide better image quality. But ultimately it’s down to the quality of your lenses to bring out that detail. Its surface area is nearly 2.5 times bigger than an APS-C sensor, so the full frame sensor has bigger photo sites that capture more light and detail. A full frame sensor is bigger and offers better image quality than a smaller sensor. And now, with cameras like the Canon EOS RP, Nikon Z5 and Sony A7C hitting the market in the last couple of years, buying the cheapest full-frame cameras doesn’t necessarily mean you have to buy a model that’s several years old. Over the years we’ve seen the big DSLR makers cede ground to mirrorless cameras, and the increased competition in the marketplace has placed even the best full-frame cameras on the market realistically within people’s budgets. But with the Canon EOS 6D and Nikon D600 came the dawn of the ‘affordable full-frame camera’, which opened up the creative possibilities afforded by higher-spec cameras to a whole new group of users. Huge price tags kept many enthusiasts away. It used to be that full-frame cameras – meaning those with a sensor the size of a 35mm frame of film – were solely for professionals. A few years ago, asking for the cheapest full-frame cameras was akin to looking for the most affordable Tesla. |
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